Kei te hurihia ngā tono tāpiri e ngā motuka servo me ngā karetao. Akohia ngā tohutohu me ngā tono hou ina whakatinanahia te aunoatanga karetao me te whakahaere nekehanga matatau mō te hanga tāpiri me te tango, me te mea e whai ake nei: whakaarohia ngā tikanga tāpiri/tango ranu.
TE WHAKAWHAKAHAERE I TE AUNOMATION
Nā Sarah Mellish rāua ko RoseMary Burns
Ko te whakamahi i ngā taputapu huri hiko, te hangarau whakahaere nekehanga, ngā karetao tino ngāwari me te ranunga rerekē o ngā hangarau matatau kē atu, koinei ngā take e akiaki ana i te tere tipu o ngā tukanga hanga hou puta noa i te whenua ahumahi. Mā te hurihanga i te huarahi hanga tauira, wāhanga me ngā hua, ko te hanga tāpiri me te tango he tauira matua e rua kua whakarato i te whai huatanga me te penapena utu e whai ana ngā kaihanga ki te noho whakataetae.
E kiia ana ko te tānga 3D, ko te hanga tāpiri (AM) he tikanga rerekē e whakamahi ana i ngā raraunga hoahoa mamati hei hanga i ngā mea totoka toru-ahu mā te whakakotahi i ngā rauemi paparanga i te paparanga mai i raro ki runga. He maha ngā wā ka hangaia ngā wāhanga tata-kupenga (NNS) me te kore para, ko te whakamahinga o te AM mō ngā hoahoa hua taketake me ngā hoahoa hua uaua kei te horapa tonu ki ngā ahumahi pēnei i te motuka, te rererangi, te pūngao, te hauora, te kawe waka me ngā hua kaihoko. Engari, ko te tukanga tango ko te tango i ngā wāhanga mai i tētahi poraka rauemi mā te tapahi, te miihini rānei kia tino tika hei hanga i tētahi hua 3D.
Ahakoa ngā rerekētanga matua, kāore ngā tukanga tāpiri me ngā tukanga tango e tū motuhake ana tetahi ki tetahi — nā te mea ka taea te whakamahi hei tautoko i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te whanaketanga hua. He maha ngā wā ka hangaia he tauira ariā, he tauira rānei i te tukanga tāpiri. Kia oti te whakaoti i taua hua, ka hiahiatia pea he puranga nui ake, ka huaki te kuaha ki te hanga tango. Nō nā tata nei, i te wā e hiahiatia ana te wā, ka whakamahia ngā tikanga tāpiri/tango ranu mō ngā mea pēnei i te whakatika i ngā wāhanga pakaru/takahi, te hanga wāhanga kounga me te wā arahi iti ake.
WHAKAMUA AUNOA
Hei whakatutuki i ngā tono a ngā kiritaki, kei te whakauruhia e ngā kaihanga he whānuitanga o ngā rauemi waea pērā i te kowiri tira, te nikara, te kōpara, te konukōre, te taitāne, te konumohe me ētahi atu konganuku rerekē ki roto i tā rātou hanganga wāhanga, ka tīmata ki tētahi papa ngohengohe engari he kaha, ka mutu ki tētahi wāhanga mārō, ātete ki te kakahu. I tētahi wāhanga, kua whakakitea mai te hiahia mō ngā otinga mahi teitei mō te hua me te kounga nui ake i roto i ngā taiao hanga tāpiri me te tango, inā koa ki ngā tukanga pērā i te hanga tāpiri pewa waea (WAAM), te tango-WAAM, te whakakikorua-tango-reira, te whakapaipai rānei. Ko ngā mea nui ko:
- Hangarau Servo Matatau:Hei whakatutuki pai ake i ngā whāinga wā-ki-te-mākete me ngā whakaritenga hoahoa a te kiritaki, ina pā ana ki te tika o ngā āhuatanga me te kounga o te whakaotinga, kei te tahuri ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga ki ngā pūreretā 3D matatau me ngā pūnaha servo (kaua ki ngā motuka stepper) mō te whakahaere nekehanga tino pai. Ko ngā painga o ngā motuka servo, pērā i te Sigma-7 a Yaskawa, ka huri i te tukanga tāpiri, ka āwhina i ngā kaihanga ki te wikitoria i ngā take noa mā ngā āheinga whakarei-pūreretā:
- Te pehi wiri: kei ngā motuka servo pakari ngā tātari pehi wiri, me ngā tātari ārai-orooro me ngā tātari notch, e hua ai he nekehanga tino maeneene ka taea te whakakore i ngā rārangi takahanga kino ki te titiro i puta mai i te ripple taipana motuka stepper.
- Te whakapai ake i te tere: kua tutuki te tere tā o te 350 mm/hēkona, neke atu i te rua o te tere tā toharite o te pūreretā 3D e whakamahi ana i te motuka stepper. Waihoki, ka taea te whakatutuki i te tere haere tae atu ki te 1,500 mm/hēkona mā te whakamahi i te hurihuri, tae atu rānei ki te 5 mita/hēkona mā te whakamahi i te hangarau servo raina. Mā te kaha whakatere tere rawa atu e whakaratohia ana e ngā servo mahi-teitei ka taea te neke tere ake i ngā pane tā 3D ki ō rātou tūranga tika. He nui te āwhina o tēnei ki te whakaiti i te hiahia ki te whakaroa i te pūnaha katoa kia eke ki te kounga whakaoti e hiahiatia ana. Nō muri mai, ko te whakapai ake i te mana nekehanga ko te tikanga ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga te hanga i ngā wāhanga maha atu ia hāora me te kore e whakaiti i te kounga.
- Whakatakotoranga aunoa: ka taea e ngā pūnaha servo te mahi takitahi i ā rātou ake whakaritenga ritenga, e āhei ai te urutau ki ngā huringa o te tikanga o te pūreretā, ki ngā rerekētanga rānei o te tukanga tā. Kāore ngā motuka stepper 3D e whakamahi i te urupare tūranga, ā, he mea tata kore e taea te whakatika i ngā huringa o ngā tukanga, ngā rerekētanga rānei o te tikanga.
- Urupare a te kaiwhakakōwaehere: ko ngā pūnaha servo pakari e tuku ana i te urupare whakakōwaehere tino tika me mahi kotahi noa te mahi homing, ka nui ake te wā mahi me te penapena utu. Kāore i te wātea tēnei āhuatanga mō ngā pūreretā 3D e whakamahi ana i te hangarau mōtini stepper, ā, me homing i ia wā ka whakakāhia.
- Te Pūrongo Urupare: he maha ngā wā ka noho te mīhini whakaputa o te pūreretā 3D hei aukati i te tukanga tā, ā, kāore he kaha o te mīhini hikoi ki te pūrongo urupare ki te kite i te aukati o te mīhini whakaputa — he ngoikoretanga ka arahi ki te pakaru o te mahi tā katoa. Me tēnei whakaaro, ka taea e ngā pūnaha servo te kite i ngā tārua o te mīhini whakaputa me te ārai i te tangohanga o te miro. Ko te mea nui ki te mahi tā pai ko te whai i tētahi pūnaha porowhita kati e aro ana ki tētahi encoder whatu taumira teitei. Ka taea e ngā mīhini servo me te encoder taumira teitei tino 24-bit te whakarato i te 16,777,216 moka o te whakataunga urupare porowhita kati mō te tika o te tuaka me te mīhini whakaputa, tae atu ki te tukutahitanga me te tiaki i te aukati.
- Ngā Rōpoti Mahi Teitei:Pērā i ngā motuka servo pakari e whakarerekē ana i ngā tono tāpiri, pērā anō hoki ngā karetao. Ko tā rātou mahi ara pai rawa atu, te hanganga mīhini pakari me ngā whakatauranga tiaki puehu (IP) teitei — me te whakahaere ātete-wiri matatau me te kaha tuaka-maha — ka waiho ngā karetao tuaka-ono tino ngāwari hei kōwhiringa pai mō ngā tukanga uaua e karapoti ana i te whakamahinga o ngā pūreretā 3D, me ngā mahi matua mō te hanga tango me ngā tikanga tāpiri/tango ranu.
Ko te aunoatanga karetao e tāpiri ana ki ngā mīhini tā 3D e uru whānuitia ana ki te whakahaere i ngā wāhanga tā i roto i ngā tāutanga maha-mīhini. Mai i te tango i ngā wāhanga takitahi mai i te mīhini tā, ki te wehewehe i ngā wāhanga i muri i te huringa tā maha-wāhanga, ka arotauhia e ngā karetao tino ngāwari me te whai hua ngā mahi kia nui ake ai te tere me te hua o te mahi.
Mā te tānga 3D tuku iho, he āwhina ngā karetao ki te whakahaere paura, ki te whakakī anō i te paura pūreretā ina hiahiatia, me te tango i te paura mai i ngā wāhanga kua oti. Waihoki, ko ētahi atu mahi whakaoti wāhanga e rongonui ana i roto i te hanga whakarewa pērā i te huri, te whakakanapa, te tango i ngā pakaru, te tapahi rānei, ka taea te whakatutuki ngāwari. Kei te whakatutukihia hoki ngā tirotiro kounga, me ngā hiahia takai me ngā mahi whakahaere rauemi mā te hangarau karetao, e tuku ana i ngā kaihanga ki te arotahi i ō rātou wā ki ngā mahi tāpiri uara teitei ake, pērā i te hanga ritenga.
Mō ngā mahi nunui ake, kei te whakamahia ngā karetao ahumahi toronga roa hei neke tika i te pane whakaputa pūreretā 3D. Mā tēnei, me ngā taputapu taha pērā i ngā turanga hurihuri, ngā tūnga, ngā ara rārangi, ngā gantries me ētahi atu, ka whakaratohia te wāhi mahi e hiahiatia ana hei waihanga i ngā hanganga āhua-kore ā-wāhi. Haunga te tauira tere matarohia, kei te whakamahia ngā karetao mō te hanga i ngā wāhanga āhua-kore nui, ngā āhua pokepokea ai, ngā hanganga anga-3D me ngā wāhanga ranu whakatakotoranga-rahi. - Ngā Kaiwhakahaere Mīhini Maha-tuaka:Mā te hangarau auaha mō te hono atu ki te 62 tuaka nekehanga i roto i te taiao kotahi, ka taea te tukutahi maha o te whānuitanga o ngā karetao ahumahi, ngā pūnaha servo me ngā puku auau rerekē e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tukanga tāpiri, tango me te ranu. Ka taea e te whānau katoa o ngā taputapu te mahi tahi me te kore he raruraru i raro i te mana whakahaere me te aroturuki katoa o te PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) me te IEC mīhini whakahaere, pērā i te MP3300iec. He maha ngā wā ka hōtakahia ki te mōkihi pūmanawa 61131 IEC hihiri, pērā i te MotionWorks IEC, ka whakamahia e ngā tūāpapa ngaio pēnei i ēnei taputapu mōhio (arā, RepRap G-codes, Function Block Diagram, Structured Text, Ladder Diagram, me ētahi atu). Hei whakahaere i te whakaurunga ngāwari me te arotau i te wā mahi o te mīhini, kei roto ngā taputapu kua oti te hanga pērā i te utu whakataurite moenga, te whakahaere whakamua pēhanga extruder, te porowhita maha me te whakahaere extruder.
- Ngā Atanga Kaiwhakamahi Hanga Matatau:He tino whai hua mō ngā tono i roto i te tānga 3D, te tapahi āhua, ngā taputapu mīhini me te karetao, ka taea e ngā kete pūmanawa kanorau te tuku tere i tētahi atanga mīhini whakairoiro ngāwari ki te whakarite, e whakarato ana i te ara ki te whānui ake o te whakamahinga. I hangaia me te whakaaro ki te auahatanga me te arotautanga, ko ngā tūāpapa ngāwari, pērā i a Yaskawa Compass, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te waitohu me te whakarite ngāwari i ngā mata. Mai i te whakauru i ngā huanga matua o te mīhini ki te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te kiritaki, he iti noa te kaupapa e hiahiatia ana - nā te mea ka whakaratohia e ēnei taputapu he whare pukapuka whānui o ngā mono-mai C# kua hangaia, ka taea rānei te kawemai i ngā mono-mai ritenga.
WHAKAPAKI I RUNGA
Ahakoa kei te rongonui tonu ngā tukanga tāpiri me te tango takitahi, ka nui ake te nekehanga ki te tikanga tāpiri/tango ranu i roto i ngā tau torutoru e whai ake nei. E matapaetia ana ka tipu i te tere tipu ā-tau (CAGR) o te 14.8 ōrau i te tau 2027.1, kua rite te mākete mīhini hanga tāpiri ranu ki te whakatutuki i te pikinga o ngā tono a ngā kiritaki e whanake haere ana. Hei eke ki runga ake i te whakataetae, me paunatia e ngā kaihanga ngā painga me ngā huakore o te tikanga ranu mō ā rātou mahi. Me te kaha ki te whakaputa wāhanga e hiahiatia ana, hei whakaiti nui i te tapuwae waro, he pai ngā painga o te tukanga tāpiri/tango ranu. Ahakoa pēhea, kaua e warewarehia ngā hangarau matatau mō ēnei tukanga, ā, me whakatinana ki ngā papa toa hei whakahaere i te hua me te kounga hua.
Wā tuku: 13 o Ākuhata 2021
